If you are seeking an in-depth examination of clinical trials exploring the efficacy of probiotics in vaginal health, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the vaginal microbiome, we advise consulting the subsequent clinical trials, scholarly reviews, and peer-reviewed articles.

  • Reid G, Charbonneau D, Erb J, Kochanowski B, Beuerman D, Poehner R, Bruce AW. Oral use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 significantly alters vaginal flora: randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 64 healthy women. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003 Mar 20;35(2):131-4
  • Reid G, Burton J, Hammond JA, Bruce AW. Nucleic acid-based diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and improved management using probiotic lactobacilli. J Med Food. 2004 Summer;7(2):223-8.
  • Petricevic L, Unger FM, Viernstein H, Kiss H. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral lactobacilli to improve the vaginal flora of postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 Nov;141(1):54-7
  • Reid G, Beuerman D, Heinemann C, Bruce AW. Probiotic Lactobacillus dose required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal flora. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2001 Dec;32(1):37-41
  • Yang S, Reid G, Challis JRG, Gloor GB, Asztalos E, Money D, Seney S, Bocking AD. Effect of Oral Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 on the Vaginal Microbiota, Cytokines and Chemokines in Pregnant Women. Nutrients. 2020 Jan 30;12(2):368.
  • Husain S, Allotey J, Drymoussi Z, Wilks M, Fernandez-Felix BM, Whiley A, Dodds J, Thangaratinam S, McCourt C, Prosdocimi EM, Wade WG, de Tejada BM, Zamora J, Khan K, Millar M. Effects of oral probiotic supplements on vaginal microbiota during pregnancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with microbiome analysis. BJOG. 2020 Jan;127(2):275-284.
  • Gille C, Böer B, Marschal M, Urschitz MS, Heinecke V, Hund V, Speidel S, Tarnow I, Mylonas I, Franz A, Engel C, Poets CF. Effect of probiotics on vaginal health in pregnancy. EFFPRO, a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Nov;215(5):608.e1-608.e7
  • Reid G, Bruce AW, Fraser N, Heinemann C, Owen J, Henning B. Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2001 Feb;30(1):49-52
  • Wu S, Hugerth LW, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Du J. The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2022 May 2;8(1):34. 
  • Coudray MS, Madhivanan P. Bacterial vaginosis-A brief synopsis of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020 Feb;245:143-148. 
  • Atassi F, Pho Viet Ahn DL, Lievin-Le Moal V. Diverse Expression of Antimicrobial Activities Against Bacterial Vaginosis and Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens by Cervicovaginal Microbiota Strains of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus crispatus. Front Microbiol. 2019 Dec 20;10:2900.  
  • Ravel J, Gajer P, Abdo Z, Schneider GM, Koenig SS, McCulle SL, Karlebach S, Gorle R, Russell J, Tacket CO, Brotman RM, Davis CC, Ault K, Peralta L, Forney LJ. Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):4680-7.
  • Fettweis JM, Brooks JP, Serrano MG, Sheth NU, Girerd PH, Edwards DJ, Strauss JF, The Vaginal Microbiome Consortium, Jefferson KK, Buck GA. Differences in vaginal microbiome in African American women versus women of European ancestry. Microbiology (Reading). 2014 Oct;160(Pt 10):2272-2282. 
  • Pramanick R, Mayadeo N, Warke H, Begum S, Aich P, Aranha C. Vaginal microbiota of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis: Are they different from normal microbiota? Microb Pathog. 2019 Sep;134:103599. 
  • Noormohammadi M, Eslamian G, Kazemi SN, Rashidkhani B. Association between dietary patterns and bacterial vaginosis: a case-control study. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 16;12(1):12199.
  • Nelson TM, Borgogna JC, Michalek RD, Roberts DW, Rath JM, Glover ED, Ravel J, Shardell MD, Yeoman CJ, Brotman RM. Cigarette smoking is associated with an altered vaginal tract metabolomic profile. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 16;8(1):852. 
  • Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Hocking JS, Gurrin LC, Bradshaw CS. Sexual risk factors and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 1;47(11):1426-35.
  • Bradshaw CS, Morton AN, Garland SM, Morris MB, Moss LM, Fairley CK. Higher-risk behavioral practices associated with bacterial vaginosis compared with vaginal candidiasis. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jul;106(1):105-14.
  • Huang H, Song L, Zhao W. Effects of probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in adult women: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Jun;289(6):1225-34.
  • Falagas ME, Betsi GI, Athanasiou S. Probiotics for prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Aug;58(2):266-72.
  • Bastani, P. et al., 2012, 'Dairy Probiotic Foods and Bacterial Vaginosis: A Review on Mechanism of Action', in E. C.  Rigobelo (ed.), Probiotics, IntechOpen, London. 10.5772/50083.
  • Borges S, Silva J, Teixeira P. The role of lactobacilli and probiotics in maintaining vaginal health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014;289(3):479-489.
  • Farage, M. A., Miller, K. W. & Sobel, J. D. Dynamics of the vaginal ecosystem—hormonal influences. Infect. Dis. (Auckl.) 3, IDRT.S3903 (2010).
  • Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhao M, Wang Y, Bai H, Wang Y, Rui C, Fan C, Li J, Li N, Liu X, Wang Z, Si Y, Feng A, Li M, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Wang M, Wu W, Cao Y, Qi L, Zeng X, Geng L, An R, Li P, Liu Z, Qiao Q, Zhu W, Mo W, Liao Q, Xu W. Deep Neural Networks Offer Morphologic Classification and Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Jan 21;59(2):e02236-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02236-20.
  • Lin YP, Chen WC, Cheng CM, Shen CJ. Vaginal pH Value for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Vaginitis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Oct 27;11(11):1996. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11111996.

     

    Continue Reading